SYLLABUS I YEAR B.D.S 

PAPER 1: HUMAN ANATOMY INCLUDING EMBRYOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY

1. Introduction
2. Detailed Anatomy and osteology of Head and Neck.
3. Gross Anatomy of Thorax, Abdomen, and Extremities.
4. Embryology of Head, Neck with emphasis on development of Face, Jaws, Tongue, Palates, Salivary glands, Pharyngeal  arches and pauches. Lympha –tic and Blood Vessel system. G.I. system.
5. Faranesal air sinuses.

(a)   Gross Anatomy of the brain ;

(b)   Study of the Cranial Nerves – in detail extra cranial course 5^th, 7^th and 9^th nerves and upper Cervical nerves.

6. Genetics: Fundamentals of Genetics.
7. Anthropology: General Principles.
8. Histology:

 HISTOLOGY

A course of 30 lecturers – demonstration and practicals covering the following:-

1. Ephithelioum  including gland and of Gastro-intestinal tract.
2. Muscle.
3. Periosteum.
4. Bone.
5. Cartilage.
6. Adipose tissue.
7. Fibrous tissue.
8. Elastic tissue.
9. Lymph tissue.
10. Blood.
11. Blood Vessels.
12. Nerves.
13. Lung.
14. Kidney.
15. Spleen –liver-thymus-pancreas.
16. Endocrine glands.

Dissection of Head and neck excluding openings of skull and demonstration of wet and dry specimens including brain.

Lecturers                                                         40 hours

Dissection and Practical Demonstrations            130 hours            Total 170 hours

 LIST OF BOOKS RECOMMENDED FOR READING AND REFERENCE:-

1. G.J. Romanes, Cunningham’s manual of Practical 15^th Ed. Vol. III, Head & Neck Volume. Anatomy, Oxford, Oxford university press, 1996.
2. John V Basmajian, Grants Method of Anatomy, 11^th Ed., Battimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1989.
3. Peter L Williams, Gray’s Anatomy, 38^th Ed., London,  ELBS with Chrchill livingstone, 1995.

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 PAPER 2: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

THEORY:

Introduction to Physiology – The cell, the components of the cell and their functions. Tissues of the body:- Functions of the epithelial tissues, glandular tissues, connective tissue and other tissues.

BLOOD:

Fundamentals of the muscle nerves physiology composition and function  of RBC – variations in number in physiological and pathological states – life span and development of RBC. Blood volume, methods and measurement and variation.

HAEMOGLOBIN:

Basic chemistry and fate of  Hb. Blood groups. WBC types, numbers, variations, functions, formation, circulation. Functions of lymph, Physiology of clotting.

CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM:

Basic haemodynamic principles, arterial blood pressure and factors affecting it. The structure and physiology properties of cardia muscle. Origin and conduction of heart beat. Cardiac cycle, heart sounds, ECG. Regulations of the heart’s action. Vasomotor system and its regulation – physiology of shock.

RESPIRATION:

Mechanics of respiration. Sub-division of lung air.

Transport of respiratory gases in blood. Anoxia – types and physiological changes in artificial respiration.

EXCRETION:

Urine- volume, normal and abnormal constituents. Mechanism of urine formation.

DIGESTION:

Digestion in the mouth, digestion in the stomach and intestines, enzymes of gastro-intestinal track and there functions. Movements of the gastro-intestinal tract. Physiology of liver, pancreas, absorption and assimilation of food.

ENDOCRINES:

Thyroid-iodine metabolism – function of the thyroid gland, Hyper and hypofunctioning of thyroid.

Adrenal Cortex – Secretion of the cortical cells. Actions of gluco and mineral corticoids, hyper and hypo functions of adrenal cortex. Adrenaline and non-adrenaline action on various system.

Pituitary gland – Hormones, actions, abnormal functions of pituitary gland. Physiology posterior Debates insipidus.

Parathyroid -  Actions of parathromone and calcium metabolism.

REPRODUCTION:

Ovary – Ovarian hormone – their actions. Menstrual cycle, pregnancy, hormonal changes in pregnancy- Test for pregnancy. Functions of testes, actions of Testesterone. Physiological basis of Family planning methods.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:

Reflex action, spinal cord, conditional reflex, ascending and descending tracts, cerebral cortex, various areas and functions of the Cerebellum.

CEREBELLUM:

Physiology and thalamus and hypothalamus, autonomic nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid: Fundamental knowledge of C.N.S. and special senses – Regulations of body temperature.

SPECIAL SENSES:

Fundamental knowledge of vision, hearing taste and smell.

NUTRITION:

General metabolism, principles of colorinetry, Basal Metabolic rate Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Vitamins-Sources, requirement and actions. Basic principles of dietetics.

 BIOCHEMISTRY 

The Course should provide the students with sound knowledge on concepts of Bio-chemistry which are applied to Dental sciences. The students should be conversant with the principles and clinical applications of Bio-chemistry-the structure and properties of amino-acids, peptides and proteins, an introduction to the nature of enzymes, and enzymatic reactions, mineral metabolism, whole body metabolism, biological carbohydrates and fats. 

PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS:

1.                  Enumeration of Red blood cells.

2.                  Enumeration of white blood cells &  differential count.

3.                  Determination of haemoglobin.

4.                  Determination of blood groups.

5.                  Determination pulse and blood pressure.

6.                  Determination of  bleeding time and clotting time.

DEMONSTARTIONS:

1.                  Determination of packed cell volume.

2.                  Clinical examination of chest.

3.                  Properties of excitable issue.

4.                  Activity of frog’s heart and effects of vagus stimulation and of atropins and adreneline.

5.                  Perfusion of frog’s heart effects on Na, Ca, & K ions.

6.                  Demonstration of deep and superficial reflexes.

BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICALS:

1.                  Reactions of carbohydrates proteins, fats, bile, salts, bile pigments.

2.                  Gastric analysis.

3.                  Pathological constitutents of urine – detection and estimation of reducing sugars.

                 Lectures           -           50 plus 25 = 75       Total - 145   

Practical          -           40 plus 30 = 70       

LIST OF BOOKS RECOMMENDED FOR READING AND REFERENCE  

1.                  Guyton, Text Book of Medical Physiology. 8^th Ed. Philadelphia. W.B.Saumdesr 1991.

2.                  Cyril A Keele, Samson’s wrights applied physiology 13^th Ed., Delhi Oxford university press 1986.

3.                  John B.West. Best and Taylor’s Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 11^th Ed., Baltimore Williams and Wilkias 1981.

4.                  AVSS Rama Rao, Text Book of Biochemistry for Medical students 5^th Ed. New Delhi 1994.

5.                  Ganong: Review of Medical Physiology 18^th Ed. Printice Hall International 1997.

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PAPER 3: DENTAL MATERIALS

Lecturers : 35 hours. Practicals & Demonstration = 30

1.                  Introduction

Aims and scope of the science of dental materials.

2.                  Structures and behaviour of Matter.

3.                  Importance physical properties applicable to Dental Materials including their biological consideration.

4.                  Gypsum products used in dentistry including casting investment materials without gypsum binder.

5.                   Impression materials used in dentistry including duplication materials.

6.                  Synthetic resins used in dentistry:-

a)      General properties and physical characteristics.

b)     Resins as denture base materials, repair and reline materials, soft liners, tissue conditioners.

c)      Resins as restorative materials: unfilled and filled resin restorative materials, tissue sealant.

d)     Direct-bonding cement materials.

7.                  Metals and alloys: Their structure and behaviour, some important physical properties.

a)      Dental amalgum alloys:

b)     Gold foil:

c)      Dental casting gold alloys:

d)     Stainless steel, chrome-cohalt alloys.

8.                  Dental waxes including inlay casting wax.

9.                  Gold inlay casting procedures:

Preparation of the die – wax pattern, spruing, investing – control of shrinkage compensation. Wax elimination – casting machines, castirg, defects in castings.

10.              Welding and soldering – materials used.

11.              Dental Cements: Classification, composition, manipulation, properties and uses: Zinc cements, Copper cements, Zinc-oxide eugenol cements, silicate cement, cavity liners, cavity varnishers, Resin cements.

12.              Dental porcelain including porcelain fused to metal. Porcelain Furance and fusing.

13.              Mechanism of tooth cutting. Burs and points.

14.              Abrasive and polishing agents.

15.              Die & counter die materials including electro-forming & Electro –polishing

Practicals & Demonstration to be arranged in the manipulation of the more common materials.

 LIST OF BOOKS RECOMMENDED FOR READING AND REFERENCE    

1.                   Kenneth J. Anusavice, Phillips Science of Dental Materials. Tenth Edition, W.B. Saunders Company 1996.          

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